Flood Management Study in The Upper Kuncir River: Hydrological Analysis and Watershed Conservation
https://doi.org/10.35877/454RI.asci3765
Keywords:
Flood, HEC-RAS, Sediment Control, Upper Kuncir River, Watershed Conservation
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Abstract
Flooding in the Upper Kuncir River, Nganjuk Regency, is an annual issue causing environmental degradation, infrastructure damage, and economic losses. Increased runoff, erosion, and sedimentation have worsened flood risks due to deforestation and land-use changes. This study analyzes flood factors and conservation strategies through hydrological modeling (HEC-RAS), GIS-based erosion analysis, and watershed simulations. Findings show that high soil erosion (50-80 tons/ha/year) and sediment inflow (18,500 m³ annually) have reduced river capacity by 15%. Peak discharge for a 25-year return period is 125.905 m³/s, exceeding the river’s 85.4 m³/s capacity. Check dams, reforestation, and river normalization are proposed to reduce runoff and control sedimentation. Simulations indicate that structural (check dams, river widening) and non-structural (vegetative cover, soil conservation) measures can reduce peak discharge by 50%. Adaptive reservoir operations at Margopatut Dam can enhance flood control. Integrated watershed management combining engineering and ecohydrological solutions is recommended to ensure sustainable flood mitigation
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References
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Agaton, M., Setiawan, Y., & Effendi, H. (2016). Land use/land cover change detection in an urban watershed: a case study of upper Citarum Watershed, West Java Province, Indonesia. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 33, 654–660.
Azizah, C., Pawitan, H., Dasanto, B. D., Ridwansyah, I., & Taufik, M. (2022). Risk assessment of flash flood potential in the humid tropics Indonesia: a case study in Tamiang River basin. International Journal of Hydrology Science and Technology, 13(1), 57–73.
Baninajar, H., Sarang, A., & Karbassi, A. (2023). Multi-criteria calibration and uncertainty analysis of SWAT model: integrating in-situ discharge and remotely sensed ET in the Ilam dam basin, and direct calibration in ungauged basins.
Bappeda. (2024). Optimasi Sistem Pengendalian Banjir melalui Waduk Margopatut. Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat.
Brunner, G. W. (2002). HEC-RAS river analysis system: User’s manual. US Army Corps of Engineers, Institute for Water Resources, Hydrologic��.
Chang, Y., Liu, X., Cao, B., Wang, Y., & Shen, Y.-J. (2024). Effects of vegetation restoration on runoff and its components in the mountainous Haihe River Basin. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 53, 101803.
Coles, S., Bawa, J., Trenner, L., & Dorazio, P. (2001). An introduction to statistical modeling of extreme values (Vol. 208). Springer.
Dadson, S. J., Hall, J. W., Murgatroyd, A., Acreman, M., Bates, P., Beven, K., Heathwaite, L., Holden, J., Holman, I. P., & Lane, S. N. (2017). A restatement of the natural science evidence concerning catchment-based �natural�flood management in the UK. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 473(2199), 20160706.
Falkenmark, M. (2003). Freshwater as shared between society and ecosystems: from divided approaches to integrated challenges. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 358(1440), 2037–2049.
Herawati, H., & Santoso, H. (2011). Tropical forest susceptibility to and risk of fire under changing climate: A review of fire nature, policy and institutions in Indonesia. Forest Policy and Economics, 13(4), 227–233.
Huang, Y., Tian, Z., Ke, Q., Liu, J., Irannezhad, M., Fan, D., Hou, M., & Sun, L. (2020). Nature based solutions for urban pluvial flood risk management. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water, 7(3), e1421.
Kannan, N., Santhi, C., White, M. J., Mehan, S., Arnold, J. G., & Gassman, P. W. (2019). Some challenges in hydrologic model calibration for large-scale studies: A case study of SWAT model application to Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin. Hydrology, 6(1), 17.
Kim, J., Read, L., Johnson, L. E., Gochis, D., Cifelli, R., & Han, H. (2020). An experiment on reservoir representation schemes to improve hydrologic prediction: Coupling the national water model with the HEC-ResSim. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 65(10), 1652–1666.
Kurniadi, A., Weller, E., Min, S. K., & Seong, M. G. (2021). Independent ENSO and IOD impacts on rainfall extremes over Indonesia. International Journal of Climatology, 41(6), 3640–3656.
Lal, R. (2001). Soil degradation by erosion. Land degradation & development, 12(6), 519–539.
Li, L., Yan, Z., Shen, Q., Cheng, G., Gao, L., & Zhang, B. (2019). Water body extraction from very high spatial resolution remote sensing data based on fully convolutional networks. Remote Sensing, 11(10), 1162.
Liu, Y., Zhang, K., & Song, Y. (2018). Check dams and their effectiveness in soil and water conservation in China. Catena.
Morgan, R. P. C. (2009). Soil erosion and conservation. John Wiley & Sons.
Moriasi, D. N., Arnold, J. G., Van Liew, M. W., Bingner, R. L., Harmel, R. D., & Veith, T. L. (2007). Model evaluation guidelines for systematic quantification of accuracy in watershed simulations. Transactions of the ASABE, 50(3), 885–900.
Narulita, I., & Ningrum, W. (2018). Extreme flood event analysis in Indonesia based on rainfall intensity and recharge capacity. IOP conference series: earth and environmental science, 118, 12045.
Nugroho, H. Y. S. H., Basuki, T. M., Pramono, I. B., Savitri, E., Purwanto, Indrawati, D. R., Wahyuningrum, N., Adi, R. N., Indrajaya, Y., & Supangat, A. B. (2022). Forty years of soil and water conservation policy, implementation, research and development in Indonesia: a review. Sustainability, 14(5), 2972.
Rabin, T., Rajeev, J., Binod, B., & Santosh, G. (2024). Assessing soil erosion susceptibility using revised Morgan-Morgan-Finney model: a case study from Kulekhani Watershed, Makawanpur, Nepal. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 15(1), 182–196.
Rinaldi, A. (2019). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika 2019 UIN Raden Intan Lampung. 2016, 21–38.
Santoso, H., Nugroho, S., & Purnomo, P. (2021). Dampak curah hujan ekstrem terhadap banjir di Indonesia. Jurnal Hidrologi Indonesia, 10(2), 112–129.
Seno, A. (2013). Karakterisasi Bencana Banjir Bandang di Indonesia. Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Indonesia, 15(1), 42–51.
Setiawan, B., Wibowo, A., & Raharjo, T. (2021). Analisis sedimentasi di DAS Brantas. Jurnal Teknik Sipil, 29(1), 67–81.
Stedinger, J. R. (1993). Frequency analysis of extreme events. Handbook of hydrology.
Supangat, A. B., Agus, C., Wahyuningrum, N., Indrawati, D. R., & Purwanto. (2021). Soil and water conservation planning toward sustainable management of upstream watershed in Indonesia. In Sustainability in Natural Resources Management and Land Planning (hal. 77–91). Springer.
Waskitho, N. T., & Wibowo, F. A. C. (2024). Brantas watershed sustainability analysis: Water quality aspects. BIO Web of Conferences, 143, 1013.
Widyaningrum, H., Haryanto, A., & Prakoso, R. (2019). Analisis karakteristik tanah pada daerah aliran sungai di Indonesia. Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim, 27(2), 98–112.
Widyasasi, D., Fadlin, F., Sofyan, A. B., & Tahrir, M. (2024). Land Use Change and Soil Conservation Services Curve Number (SCS-CN) in Karangmumus Watershed Samarinda. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, 72(10), 1–9.
Wischmeier, W. H., & Smith, D. D. (1978). Predicting rainfall erosion losses: a guide to conservation planning (Nomor 537). Department of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration.
Yamamoto, K., Sayama, T., & Apip. (2021). Impact of climate change on flood inundation in a tropical river basin in Indonesia. Progress in Earth and Planetary Science, 8, 1–15.
Yusifov, S. I., Ragimova, N. A., Abdullayev, V. H., & Imanova, Z. B. (2020). 5G technology: A new step to IoT platform. JINAV: Journal of Information and Visualization, 1(2), 74–82.
Zhang, J., Ge, Y., Yuan, G., & Song, Z. (2022a). Consideration of high-quality development strategies for soil and water conservation on the loess plateau. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 8336.
Zhang, J., Ge, Y., Yuan, G., & Song, Z. (2022b). Consideration of high-quality development strategies for soil and water conservation on the loess plateau. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12006-w
Zhang, X., & Song, Y. (2014). Optimization of wetland restoration siting and zoning in flood retention areas of river basins in China: A case study in Mengwa, Huaihe River Basin. Journal of Hydrology, 519, 80–93.
Published
2024-12-31
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How to Cite
Purboseno, S., Suparto, S., & Bujono, P. (2024). Flood Management Study in The Upper Kuncir River: Hydrological Analysis and Watershed Conservation. Journal of Applied Science, Engineering, Technology, and Education, 6(2), 168-178. https://doi.org/10.35877/454RI.asci3765
Copyright (c) 2024 Sentot Purboseno, Suparto, Purwo Bujono (Author)
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