Exploratory Factor Analysis of the Malaysian Geography Teachers’ Professionalism Questionnaire Instrument

Mohammad Azri Bin Amatan; Hanifah Mahat; Yazid Saleh; Mazdi Marzuki; Fauziah Che Leh

doi:10.35877/454RI.asci4801

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Journal of Applied Science, Engineering, Technology, and Education

Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026), Pages 414-430 · 2026-08-31

Exploratory Factor Analysis of the Malaysian Geography Teachers’ Professionalism Questionnaire Instrument

Mohammad Azri Bin Amatan, Hanifah Mahat, Yazid Saleh, Mazdi Marzuki, Fauziah Che Leh

https://doi.org/10.35877/454RI.asci4801

Abstract

This study aimed to develop and validate the Malaysian Geography Teachers’ Professionalism Questionnaire Instrument based on the 2027 School Curriculum Framework. The instrument was designed to measure four key dimensions of geography teachers’ professionalism: pedagogical practice, content mastery, assessment implementation, and character education. A quantitative survey design was employed involving 300 secondary school geography teachers in Malaysia. Respondents were selected using proportional stratified sampling and simple random sampling. The questionnaire consisted of 60 items, with 15 items representing each construct. Content validity was established through expert review, while construct validity was examined using exploratory factor analysis. The results indicated that the data were suitable for factor analysis, with a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value of .937 and a significant Bartlett’s test of sphericity. Four factors were extracted, explaining 49.161% of the total variance. Most items recorded acceptable factor loadings ranging from .342 to .807, supporting the construct validity of the instrument. Overall, the study produced a valid instrument for measuring geography teachers’ professionalism in the Malaysian secondary school context and provides a useful tool for researchers, policymakers, and educational stakeholders.

Keywords

Geography Teacher Professionalism Exploratory Factor Analysis Instrument Development Construct Validity The 2027 School Curriculum

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How to Cite

Amatan, M. A. B., Mahat, H., Saleh, Y., Marzuki, M., & Leh, F. C. (2026). Exploratory Factor Analysis of the Malaysian Geography Teachers’ Professionalism Questionnaire Instrument. Journal of Applied Science, Engineering, Technology, and Education, 8(2), 414–430. https://doi.org/10.35877/454RI.asci4801